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Fly Fishing Tips and Techniques
Salmon Fishing - Overview
With salmon fishing, perhaps more than any other branch of angling, it pays to have first hand knowledge of the water and to be able to be at the waters edge at just the right times. Sadly this is only more so as our river systems have seen such a decline in salmon numbers.

Salmon tend to lie close to rocks in slacker water but near to more rapid water. If the rock protrudes fish can lie up and downstream of the rock and when the rock is submerged salmon are more likely to be found downstream of the rock. Salmon will seek features in the gravel bottom of a river, it may be a slab of flat rock or such a feature in the tail of a pool. Salmon often lie in the inside bend of a pool between the fast and slow currents. If the water is warm they may be located in swifter runs. Conversely cold weather can see fish into deep channels as can low water conditions. Salmon that are in the process of running the river will rarely take, it is only when they settle down in a pool that they will show interest. Though those that stay in the pool a while will lose interest again. Fish run with rising water and will show jumping with a straight body as opposed to fish that make gentle rolls and rises that indicate a taking mood. Good conditions are with a water temperature from 45 to 55 degrees, a rising barometer and with the water fining down after a flood . A warm steady downstream SW wind and a day not too bright is preferable.

Salmon Fishing

The runs can be fished by casting across and down and allowing the fly to come around while working the rod tip. As the line straightens out at the end of the cast more line can be allowed out to cover a holding spot.

To fish a pool start at the top and fish down casting across and downstream. At each cast step down about a yard. Keep the rod low and cast a straight line covering as much of the pool as possible. The fly is worked by moving the rod tip and drawing in line. This movement can be slower in cold conditions, coloured conditions and with dull flies. Motion should be faster in clear water, with showy flies and in pools and lakes. When the weather is cold you will need to fish the fly about a foot from the bottom and in warm weather the fly can be worked about a foot from the surface. Another method is called "backing-up" which involves starting at the bottom of the pool or run over which the line is cast across and as the fly fishes round the angler walks upstream a few yards which straightens the line and works the fly over fish from behind.

In clear water the greased line method can be utilised. A floating line is used and the fly is worked under the surface with a slack line cast across and slightly upstream. The line should be mended, so long as the water is not to calm, to avoid drag. The rod is moved ahead of the line and the rod is kept low. The fly can then be led around rocks and line can be released or drawn in to cover areas. A taking fish is allowed to move away without pressure from the rod, as it takes up the belly of the line you should strike slowly by accelerating the rod downstream. Another method is called the pulled fly and this involves casting slightly upstream over likely places and dragging the fly at a consistent speed across a lie to induce a take.

Generally maintaining the speed of the fly is key and therefore the faster the water the longer the cast, the more the line should be cast at an angle downstream and the line mended. The slower the water the more action that will have to be induced.

A variety of flies have been devised over the years but often a small number of tried and tested flies is suitable. Flies with plenty of movement are preferable in most situations but otherwise the key factor is the size of the fly and the depth it is fished. Again water temperature must be considered in combination with the height of the water and speed of the current. A strong current will require a larger fly but note that the dressing of the fly will affect how and at what depth it swims. It can be appreciated that the nature of the river will dictate the fly line used, the fly and the way it is worked. Slow moving waters will lend themselves to floating lines while faster streams will require progressively higher sink rates of line. When the water temperature is below 48 to 50 degrees F a big fly should be chosen and if the temperature is above this band a smaller fly is required although whenever the air temperature is higher than the water temperature a small fly should be tried.

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